Strategic Analysis Of Ozjet Airlines Company Tourism Essay Essay Example

Strategic Analysis Of Ozjet Airlines Company Tourism Essay Paper Airline industry can be treated as one of the largest and turning industries in the universe. With the last few old ages the growing happened in air hose industry was marvelous. It showed a 7 % annual growing in last twosome of old ages about. International concern enlargement increased the demand for air hose manner of travel. The figure of peoples who is making international concern has been increased every bit good. This factor has promoted air hose industry as a whole. Airline industry enhances planetary trade, international investing, touristry and economic development of the state every bit good as the universe. Just like growing in concern going travel to touristry finishs besides shows inclination to turn. Services to leisure finishs have been increasing twelvemonth by twelvemonth. Less cost air hose going is available now which is impacted by cut pharynx competition among air hose companies across universe. Now a twenty-four hours people can more depend on air hose manner of transit for going between little metropoliss and less developed states besides Strategic analysis of Ozjet Airlines Company, Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis Of Ozjet Airlines Company Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis Of Ozjet Airlines Company Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analysis Of Ozjet Airlines Company Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ozjet Airline Company born in Australia and it started its operation on November 29 in 2005 onwards. The laminitis or male parent of Ozjet Airline Company was a Formula One Millionaire and squad proprietor of Minardi rushing called Paul Stoddart. It started its map by utilizing BAe146 aircrafts by serving between domestic secondary airdromes in Australia. It operated between Sydney-Melbourne air paths by following low cost scheme. Ozjet started its operation with a slogan of geting 10 % market portion in air hose industry of Australia. They put an advertisement word in forepart of the clients called you re in Business . But the state of affairs in the market was really worst. They had cut throat competition from the side of outstanding Australian air hose companies like Qantas, JetStar, Virgin Blue etc. Ozjet felt excessively much battle for prolonging in the market. As a consequence of this killing experience from Australian air hose market, they compelled to denote something in imperativeness nine. In March 2006, the president announced that Ozjet has made about 10 million $ loss within really short span of clip and investors do nt desire to keep their portions further. And so they are traveling to discontinue all their existing services. After this Ozjet became a private charter flight runing with less figure of staffs and smaller fleet by offering flight from Norfolk Island to Sydney and Brisbane for Norfolk air. Environmental analysis: External environment analysis External environmental factors are as its name indicates those factors outside the organisation. These factors provide either assorted chances or menaces to the company. External environmental factors would be beyond the control of the organisation and so concern has to be really acute on analysing those factors. This factor involves factors like economical, political, technological, competition, governmental and assorted planetary issues. A strategian must analyse the external factors and its impact as good. Now allow look into assorted external factors that affected Ozjet Airline Company: PESTLE Analysis: Economic status Economic state of affairs of the state will impact in big measure while explicating assorted schemes of any concern. Each motion would with the path of economic status of the part or state. Equally far as Australian economic system is concerned, they have one of the strongest economic systems of all time in the universe. During the period of 1996-2005 they had the GDP of 3.2 % . The unemployment rate is besides really low rate at 4 % . ( Australian Bureau of Statistics ) . Ozjet Company here got a good solid economic system in Australia. So they can get down their services to hook up with the economic system of Australia. Since they have more concern class of people more concern category services can be make help. Here travellers looking for more premium services instead than any other factors. Demographic Factors Entire clients in the market are divided or grouped on the footing of some properties like age, sex, instruction etc. This is known as demographic alterations of the market topographic point. As far Australian demographic characteristics are concerned it has turning people across. 20 1000000s peoples are at that place in Australia about. One tierce of this population belongs millennian coevals that is coevals Y. Millennial coevals class people should be the right mark for an air hose company at this peculiar scenario in Australia. They can accomplish more market portion by sectioning this class of people. Servicess should be focused on concern class of people as good. This peculiar class of people includes concern professionals aging between 35 and 55. Ozjet start services in Melbourne-Sydney path. In this environment Ozjet has to aline its services and agendas to carry through the demands of metameric class of people. Social and cultural factors Socio-cultural factors of the state depends upon believes and attitudes of the people in the state or a part. Attitudes of the people are of all time altering conformity with the alteration in manner and tendency. Equally far as the modern attitude or civilization of air hose travellers are concerned, they have more concern on environment. Since they all have good consciousness in planetary heating and all they becomes more environment friendly. While taking an option during their travel through flight travellers are more selective today. Today, people particularly youth likes to see more leisure topographic points across the universe. They want more merriment and enjoyment to review their busy and caput breakage concern life. So, services to leisure finishs are really needful and profitable one today. ( Aviation statistics 2004-2005 ) Another most of import tendency sing air travel is that about clip agenda of flights. Peoples are more concerned about their clip and its value. Here Ozjet need to set their services harmonizing to installation of concern people who are the possible clients of the company. ( Jamie Freed, April 16, 2005 ) . Political and legal issues Political factors of the state are really much act uponing a concern for specifying and explicating its schemes. Country s political regulations and ordinances are of all time altering conformity with the alterations in regulation of state and different policies of different parties. In Australia, there is a devolving tendency in political relations. But assorted parties are bring forthing the political regulations in Australia. Assorted internal political alterations happened in Australia and these were rather adequate to impact the air hose industry in Australia. Political factors of Australia affected Ozjet Company every bit good. For illustration, some politicians had welcomed Ozjet for advancing touristry sector of Australia by serving assorted trips to tourist finishs with cheaper rate. But Ozjet faces some jobs from some residential political groups besides. ( John Masunaukas, April 5 2004 ) . Technological factors Technological alterations go oning across the universe is of import external factor to influence concern. Each industry should really lament on engineering to hook up with alterations. Like any other industry air hose sector besides witnessed a batch of technological alterations. Popularity of computing machines and cyberspace which happened late do more convenient to clients for covering their personal businesss sing their travel. A batch of flight package has been developed during last twosome of old ages. Online engagement of tickets for travel make roar impact in air hose field. The most of import advantage of this technological promotion is that cost decrease and efficiency. By following new engineering company can cut down its operating cost and therefore addition market portion through monetary value leading. The fact is that company should concentrate on updating their engineerings. Ozjet Company adopted assorted engineerings for their flight package and online booking system every bit good. Global or international issues Global issues are rather plenty to destruct a concern like air hose industry. Because, air hose concern is one that spread to all over the universe and each company depends on each state every bit good. Here are some illustrations of universe issues that affected air hose industry as a whole. September 11 World trade Centre onslaught by terrorist made a feel problem for travellers across the universe. Tourism sector faced really crisis state of affairs during that clip. The figure of travellers particularly to tourist finishs reduced dramatically. Airline industry faced large problem hare. Many terrorist onslaughts had been happened late across the universe. Iraq war, Kuwait war, Israel-Palestine issues are the illustrations of some planetary issues. Oil monetary value hiking happened late is one of the most poignant issue of air hose industry. The operating cost of an air hose company is really much affected by oil monetary value. This hiking is affected Ozjet more than any other air hose companies because, they had been supplying low cost services to assorted finishs in Australia. So, when the oil monetary value increased, they felt excessively much battle to prolong in industry. Decision Opportunities and menaces of Ozjet: They have got a better demographic environment in the part that would more fiting with an air hose company. They have got advantage of societal and cultural factors of the state. They have got better economic conditions in the state that can run with more smoothly. Ozjet witnessed compliment from the authorities for back uping touristry industry. They have faced some jobs from regional political parties. They had been faced more planetary issues like wars and terrorist onslaughts. Oil monetary value hiking was major menace faced by Ozjet. Ozjet faced cut pharynx competition from assorted companies like Qantas and Virgin Blue. Competitor analysis of Ozjet Equally far as Australian air hose industry is concerned, there have a batch of companies runing every bit good and therefore the degree of competition besides really high. Here we can take a comparative analysis about assorted rivals of Ozjet Company which made tough state of affairs in the market. Qantas Qantas is a benchmarking air hose company born in Australia. They are maintaining certain international criterions across the universe. Ozjet has strong fiscal foundation and maintaining good gross and operating hard currency flows ( Qantas Annual Report 2006 ) . Jetstar Jetstar is one of the late launched Australian companies that achieved 14 % of market portion within really short span of clip. Virgin Blue Virgin Blue is another Australian Company that keeping 30 % of market portion. They started to run in 2000 and serving more than 2,100 flights in a hebdomad. 2005 Qantas Jetstar Virgin Blue Gross $ 12.64 Billion $ 515.6 Million $ 1.76 Billions Exabit $ 1,121.7 Million $ 44.1 Million $ 570.1 Million Net Net income $ 763.6 Million Sodium $ 168.2 Millions Passengers Carried 32,658 Million gt ; 4 Million 10,484 Millions Employees gt ; 38,000 gt ; 1,200 gt ; 4000 Passenger Output 10.64 cents Sodium 10.47 cents Entire Cost per ASK Sodium 8.00 cents 7.66 cents Intangibles Strategy Launched no-frills LCC Jetstar Launch of int. LCC runing in Nov 2006 LCC, but now plans to draw concern riders Analyze through Porter s Five Force Model. Competitive competition Menace of new entryway Dickering power of clients Dickering power of providers Substitute merchandise 1 ) . Menace of New Entrance: New entry in to the market is hard state of affairs for any concern. While new companies come ining competition among companies would raise and it compelled to follow certain schemes. While Ozjet was runing in Australian industry some new air hose companies started its operations as good. Whenever there is better range for concern the possibility of new entryway is more and if the handiness of recognition is sound, companies would thirstily come in in to the market. Both factors are really good in Australia. Airline Company like REX entered market and made menace for Ozjet every bit good. A company which holding nice trade name name and good will can entice the clients even if there have menace from new entryway. 2 ) . Competitive competition: Competition from competitions are chief menace which any concern house traveling face of all time. There would hold batch of houses which bring forthing or serving same class of merchandises. To undertake with competition is chief challenge a concern house traveling to face. Equally far as Australian air hose industry is concerned, the degree of competition is really high. Outstanding air hose companies like Qantas, Jetstar and virgin Blue are set their criterion and trueness in the head of travellers. Ozjet is runing in this sort of tough scenario really. Ozjet has to explicate particular schemes to entice the travellers in Australia. There are a batch of air hose companies in Australia like REX, Air north and SkyWest. 3 ) . Dickering power of purchasers: When there is dickering power from purchasers company would hold to follow assorted schemes like monetary value cutting etc. Since the Australia air hose market is under oligopoly system there is no more bargaining power from purchasers. Because about all companies supplying same sort of services with same cost. More than this Australian travellers belongs more concern class of people they are really loyal to trade name line Qantas, Virgin Blue. So at that place non hold more bargaining power from the side of clients. 4 ) . Dickering power of providers: Smooth supply of stuff is needed any sort of concern. Equally far as air hose company is concerned oil and airdromes are of import supply. Ozjet had been confronting high degree of bargaining of providers. When the oil monetary value hiking happened, it faced a high deficit for oil. Ozjet besides find trouble to acquire airdromes for doing services to assorted parts of the state. It is so happened that handiness of supply is less in this field. ( John Masanaukas, March 9, 2004 ) . 5 ) . Utility merchandise: As Porter explains any merchandise would hold a menace from its replacement sort of merchandises. Like other states, in Australia besides there are replacement for flight such as Trams, Trains, Buses and autos. So Ozjet company confronting menace from this kind of replacement manner of conveyance available in Australia. But the instance is that for travellers like concern professionals, they are non taking any replacement of flights for their regular travel and all these replacements are affected by environmental alterations besides. Presentation1.jpg Internal environment analysis Internal environment involves company s internal facets which are under the control of the house such as clients, providers, aims of the house. Analysis of internal environment involves critically analysing about assorted strength and failings of the company that within the organisation. During the internal analysis of the company direction will come to cognize about the place of company that where we are standing right now. Now allow analyze assorted internal factors affected Ozjet Airline Company: Physical and technological: While talking approximately physical substructure and engineering of Ozjet Airline Company, they have good sort of materials. Very rapidly after its launch in 2005 started to service hired flights. Subsequently in 2008 they began to serve Being 737-300s and 737-400s which are more oil efficient. But that was excessively late to follow new engineering. They had a good Research and Development Department. They have got good office and mill substructure besides. Fiscal Ozjet had good fiscal capablenesss. But they have failed to use these capablenesss even though they have got good fiscal foundation as good. In March 2006, their president announced that Ozjet had made loss of about 10 million $ within this changeable span of clip. For accomplishing fiscal stableness they have sold all their involvement to an Australian cargo operator HeavyLift. In March 2006 they declared to discontinue all bing services. Brand Reputation Customers have more penchant on their loyal trade name. In air hose industry, travellers are taking more reputed trade name for their travel. In Australia more figure of travellers belong concern professionals. So repute of trade name is more of import to entice the travellers. A people study conducted in Australia shows that trade name name of Ozjet itself non giving attract. Brand does non giving a feel of premium merchandise. It is like a discounted flight. So it is clear that trade name repute of Ozjet in Australia is non good. Invention Invention of new thought is a large plus point or a turning point for any company. Before the rivals coming with new engineerings and thoughts we should comes look to follow latest thoughts. Equally far as Ozjet is concerned it developed new engineerings and inventions in the field but they were excessively late to follow these thoughts. Main competitions had adopted all these before they coming to patterns. Online ticket engagement system, flight package are illustrations of new engineerings in air hose field. Human factors Human resources are cardinal component of any organisation. Without holding a nice human squad in pattern, a house can non travel in front. It acts as a nervus system of concern. Human organisation of Ozjet was non bad. But their organized work does non happen any good consequence as much. They had to work like an oiled machine to accomplish the organisational end. Decision: Strengths and Weakness of Ozjet Ozjet had better fiscal background They have got better physical and substructure installations Ozjet received worst advertisement and selling schemes Marketing planning by the direction was really hapless Their trade name name and logo was non conveying a premium message Their invention squad was non much up to day of the month SWOT analysis of Ozjet Airline Company: Strength: Good Financial background. Better human resource. Good Physical installations. Technological improvement. Failing: Bad repute. Bad trade name name. Poor selling planning. Poor selling schemes. Poor client base. Poor clip programming. Opportunities: Better economic status of the state. Better demographic construction suitable for an air hose market. Fair socio-cultural factors of the state. Suitable political state of affairs of the state. Received compliment from authorities for advancing touristry. Technological promotion go oning in company every bit good as in the industry. Menaces: Cut pharynx competition from competitions like Qantas, Virgin Blue. Recent oil monetary value hiking. Attacks by terrorist. Wars and other planetary issues go oning among states. Substitute options available in the state. Dickering power of providers. New entryway to the market like REX. Why Ozjet has failed Australian air hose industry is one with which plagued by monetary value film editing and price reduction participants. There have crumpling client service and satisfaction. Ozjet has failed in Australian air hose industry. It is said that Ozjet started in 2006 and disappeared in 2007. Some of the reasoned behind failure of Ozjet was: Establishing season: The launching of Ozjet was in a pre Christmas season. This season was a holiday season as all the concern class of people traveling for leave. Ozjet had to do service with empty place which is terrific state of affairs for any air hose company. So launching clip of Ozjet becomes a ground for failure. Time Agenda: There were non many services for Ozjet across the state. Actually travellers want frequent travel as they are concern people. They do nt hold patients to burden following four or five hours in airdrome for flights since so many other services are available. Merchandise: Now a twenty-four hours, travellers are keener on the merchandise or service that they are traveling to devour. Flights like Boeing 737-200s was non a merchandise that giving more premium value to travellers. More latest and efficient flights are available now. Stigmatization: Travelers are more trade names loyal today. There have sentiments that the name Ozjet does non given an attractive feeling. And, the logo of the company was besides non good. Customers get a feel of a discounted merchandise. They want more premium merchandise now. Advertising A ; Placement: Advertising scheme of Ozjet was non superb. Ozjet s logo merely looks like skywriting. To entice more travellers from the Australian market, Ozjet had to make category advertisement schemes every bit good. Australia includes more concern travellers every bit good. Ozjet could non specialise on that class of people by following assorted positioning schemes. Lack of trueness strategies: Ozjet did non allowed such going strategies to travellers like frequent circular plans, club sofa etc. they could non do more confederation international bearers. Terminal entree: More than any other factors like invention, R A ; D etc. clients are looking for entire bundle upfront. In short, even Ozjet concern category could non contend with the Qantas domestic economic system category. By the above word merely thing is really clear. Suggestions Ozjet company launch timing was non good. They can do a launch after doing a comprehensive market analysis. They can re launch in market by following new trade name name and logo. They can regenerate their clip agenda by serving more flights. They can follow assorted advertisement and promotional schemes as good. They can do rhenium launching after more inventions and R A ; D. Flights should give more effectivity and certain criterions. Decision Ozjet is an Australian air hose company that launched in 2004 and ceased their operations within two old ages merely. Their failure caused by careful advertisement and placement schemes. Their flights were non more advanced and so they could non execute such an efficiency and criterions. In short, Ozjet s concern categories were non adequate criterions even to contend with Qantas domestic category.

Outlaw Platoon by Sean Parnell

Outlaw Platoon by Sean Parnell The book â€Å"Outlaw Platoon† by Sean Parnell is story on heroism. The author begins by explaining how he became the commander of the infantry platoon at the age of twenty-four. This paper explores how Sean Parnell lived and displayed three army values as he describes in the book. The three values identified from the book include â€Å"duty, respect, and personal courage†.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Outlaw Platoon† by Sean Parnell specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the book, it is notable that the author displayed and lived most of the army values. The first value that comes out clearly from the book is that of â€Å"duty†. After the platoon arrived at their base in Afghanistan, â€Å"the insurgents attacked them with rocket fire† (Sean 12). The fire killed and even wounded several children. As a soldier, Parnell ran into the village to help one of the little girls. H e grabbed the girl and sprinted towards the First Aid Station. The girl was bleeding in his arms. Afterwards, â€Å"the image of the bleeding girl came back to him when he was in bed† (Sean 15). Parnell had to accept the situation and move on with his life. As well, he believed that the other soldiers in the platoon must have had experienced a similar scene. This shows clearly how the soldier lived the value of duty. It is also a sign of commitment towards helping civilians and children. The value of â€Å"duty† requires that the soldiers do more than what is required of them. The other value that is evident from the book is that of â€Å"respect†. According to this army value, soldiers are supposed to treat other people well and with respect. Through respect, soldiers are able to appreciate the best in all the other people. During the 16 months in Afghanistan, the author explains how he encountered the noblest attributes of human spirit. Through respect, the so ldiers were able to develop the best bonds amongst themselves. Although this was the only way for the men to survive, Parnell upheld the value of â€Å"respect† thus developing the best relationships with the soldiers. The author goes further to explain how they worked as a team. Parnell clearly understood that every individual had something to contribute towards the success of the operation (Sean 104). The book goes further to present the value of â€Å"personal courage†. Personal courage is one of the oldest values associated with the American army. During the 16 months, Parnell was always ready to face adversity and danger. The team endured physical challenges and risked their safety in order to help others. The approach made it easier for them to attack the insurgents. According to the author, the platoon was fighting a strong infantry. The insurgents were seasoned and properly armed. It was only through courage that they would survive and win the fight. For instan ce, Parnell describes how he courageously helped one of the solders by the name Garvin after an attack (Sean 182).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The insurgents had no mercy because their objective was to â€Å"behead the American soldiers† (Sean 128). Although the insurgents did their very best to overrun the American soldiers, Parnell explains how their team remained strong in order to survive and go back home alive. This is a sign of personal courage. With courage, faith, and love for each other, most of the soldiers were able to return home alive. Together with the soldiers, Parnell displayed and lived most of the army values thus making the infantry platoon successful despite the challenges and obstacles encountered (Sean 126). In conclusion, Parnell’s book is a story of courage and selfless commitment. Parnell, Sean. Outlaw Platoon: Heroes, Re negades, Infidels, and the Brotherhood of War in Afghanistan. New York: William Morrow Paperbacks, 2013. Print.

Business Policy case analysis on Samsung Electronics - it is a case Essay

Business Policy case analysis on Samsung Electronics - it is a case analysis and I will attach the case and more details below - Essay Example gion, for this purpose one of the main things that need to be studied are the strengths and weaknesses of the company, a SWOT analysis for the company follows. SWOT is basically an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats, where strengths and weaknesses are internal and opportunity and threats exist in the external environment, with this basic understanding let us now discover the strengths of Samsung. Strengths for Samsung would be its human resources, because Samsung places such a high value on its human resources and believes in rewarding its labor and not punishing them makes a whole lot of difference because employees are more motivated to work and they have a strong sense of loyalty to the company; this makes a whole lot of difference as people would put in more effort for the company to succeed in achieving its targets and in bad times they would be much more supportive of the company which may include accepting a lower wage for the period that the company is suffering because there is a sense of ownership and belonging with respect to the company. At Samsung this is achieved by relieving the employees of the 90% of their burden such as healthcare for them and their family and retirement , with these burdens taken care of, it allows employees more freedom to concentrate on their work rather than worrying about other things.. Another important aspect is that Samsung places a lot of value on high quality and it develops that through research and development, it spends heavily on research and development and it has been unique in developing the way that it encourages people to research. It has an annual competition between two teams, one in California and the other in Korea itself, these two teams develop a new and better product each other and have been the source of many new product designs for Samsung, this is a strength that most of its competitors may lack and it gives Samsung a definitive edge over other competitors in the market, it

A ceremonical speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A ceremonical speech - Essay Example Why is that you might ask? The reasons are multiple but the most important aspect of the relevance of this day to the rest of your lives is with regards to how it will impact on each and every one of the determinants that have been listed that might otherwise provide a powerful impact upon one’s future and happiness. This is not to say that the emotional and personal triumphs of life should be diminished with respect to something as â€Å"simple† as a graduation ceremony; instead, the understanding and purpose of the importance that this day portends has to do with the level and degree each and every one of you should now conduct yourselves. For instance, take the situation described above as the â€Å"first job†. Certainly, many of you might have already experienced that first summer job; doing something that you might otherwise not have wanted to do just as a means of making a bit of extra spending money. However, when you place it in context with the momentous nature of this day, you can readily see how your college degree will impact upon the way in which you consider work and what work you are suited for the rest of your entire life. In short, although it is quite possible to achieve a degree of success in this life without a college degree, the importance and momentousness of this day is contingent upon each and every one of you reducing such a hurdle to your future success. This is not to state that a college degree alone will be sufficient to pave the streets of gold for you and your loved ones; rather, it merely makes the door that much wider and gives you that much greater of an opportunity to succeed within this life. Similarly, the college diploma that each and every one of you now have will enable you to livea better and more comfortable life than most of the individuals within the current world system. This should not be seen as a means of encouraging arrogance; rather, it should allow for a deep moment of self reflection and introspection with regards to how each and every one of you can work towards bettering the world and seeking to ameliorate some of the miserable conditions that continue to exist within it. From a personal standpoint, the first home purchase, the first new car purchase, or any of the other â€Å"firsts† which will be engaged with as a function of the jobs and salaries you will receive will also be informed by a degree of knowledge that you have learned and must retain as a result of your college studies. In short, although there are a number of key firsts that are experienced within life, it is my understanding, as it should be yours as well, that from a professional as well as personal standpoint, this momentous day ranks very high on the list. Due to the fact that this single moment has the possibility for defining so many personal and professional decisions that you will make for the rest of your life, I encourage each and every one of you to consider the gravity that the current celebration holds. This is not to say that you should not celebrate this moment with your family and friends; quite the contrary. Instead, once the celebration has calmed down and once the procession has left this hall, once the cap and gown are stored in the back of the closets – long after the pictures of this day have made the rounds within the family, this day absolutely will continue to have an impact upon the decisions that you make as well as the means by which other individuals within society view you. In such a way, I implore each and every one of you to conduct yourselves as fully worthy of the honor that this degree has provided you. Most importantly of all, I personally congratulate you on your triumph and wish you all

How does positivist research in criminology seek to create knowledge Essay

How does positivist research in criminology seek to create knowledge that avoids these problems, and how successful has it been - Essay Example The positivist approach to criminology rejected the classical idea that people who commit crimes do it from free will; positivists believed that it is in our biological make-up, and that we are born with the tendency to commit crimes. So, we do not freely choose to commit crimes, we are born, or not born with criminal elements. While many positivists put our tendency to commit crime on different parts of our biology, the research was scientific – it looked for factual results. It was believed that if we could find factual results, then we could discover what characteristics are present in people who commit crime and then prevent it by finding the same types of characteristics in others – biological or psychological. The approach took this form because it believed that other ways of criminological research were based on elements of life which could not be controlled and which made crime difficult to predict and impossible to prevent. These elements of life were moral jud gement, subjective views of people and their beliefs and opinions. Positivists argued that because these elements were subjective, they could do nothing to help prevent crime and criminal behaviour, whereas a scientific approach could give proper statistics, and reliable results, which could gain much ground in the research of criminology. Although the approach of the positivist school appears attractive, this paper will argue that its final results were not as effective as it had hoped they would be. While it is not argued that the results brought could not be relied on, it is suggested that the results were not reliable enough to be applied to prevent crime. Of course, the prevention of crime based on scientific statistics would be a very attractive idea, both history and results have shown that in practice it has not been as effective as the positivist school promised. To believe in an objective idea of criminal behaviour is not

The relationship between occupation and health

The relationship between occupation and health Discuss the relationship between occupation and health, and recognise factors which facilitate occupational performance. In the context of this essay â€Å"occupation† is taken to encompass care of self, leisure and employment (American Occupational Therapy Association: Uniform Terminology, 1994) whereby the person interacts with the environment. These areas are not mutually exclusive. It is the â€Å"ordinary and familiar things that people do every day† (American Occupational Therapy Association Commission on Practice Home Health Task Force: Guidelines, 1995). Performance components include the necessary skills for the task and the temporal and environmental performance context. Occupational performance is important; people identify who they are by what they do. Relation between occupation and healthOccupation is important in maintaining health but certain occupations may actually cause ill health. Ill health may lower occupational performance. The relationship is further complicated by poor performance contributing to ill health which further lowers performance. An example would be someone performing poorly in paid employment and becoming depressed as an indirect result (perhaps because of redeployment) and performing even more poorly as a result of the depression. A goal of occupational therapy is to use appropriate occupation therapeutically to counteract the effects of disability and to promote well being. The effect of some disease processes on performance will now be explored. Certain pathological conditions will have a typical effect on performance for instance a cerebrovascular accident, a not uncommon cause of occupational dysfunction, will affect sensation and motor skills in a fairly predictable way. The degree of impairment is variable depending on the aetiology, severity and location of the cerebral injury. The effects may be profound. Laterality is important since one side of the brain has a major impact on language and the other motor skills. Which side of the brain is dominant for various functions depends on whether or not the individual is right handed. Occupational performance is affected by sensorimotor deficit and subsequent musculosketal affects for instance significant sensorimotor deficit commonly affects the shoulder joint with its innate dependence on good muscular tone of the rotator cuff from which the joint largely derives its stability. Disruption of cognitive function and emotional liability are factors commonly involved in severe cerebrovascular accidents to the further detriment of performance. Of the musculoskeletal group of disorders Rheumatoid arthritis is important since it is so common. In addition to affecting movement by joint deformity, sensorineural and neuromuscular effects the individual may suffer psychological effects such as depression further limiting performance (Deyo 1982). Temporal effects are important in this condition, typically the symptoms and performance being significantly worse in the morning and improving as the day progresses. Schizophrenia is an example of a psychiatric illness which can become chronic and disabling. The effects on occupational performance can get really complex here. Not only are there varying manifestations of the illness with exacerbations sometimes accompanied by ultimate deterioration over time but there is often effects of the medication, substance abuse and disordered living arrangements. Chronic pain may affect occupational performance by limitation of physical components of the activity in question. Some conditions appear resistant to clear diagnosis. For instance following accidents such as whiplash or back pain following lifting during paid employment there may be long drawn out background litigation and this coupled with difficulties returning to work may have significant effects on occupational performance. Because affected individuals may be young, in paid employment and with families to look after despite the fact that the physical disability may be relatively minor there may be major effects on the activities of daily living, leisure and employment. Factors facilitating performanceOccupational performance can be split into a number of components: sensorimotor, cognitive integration, cognitive, psychosocial and psychological. In addition the performance cannot be taken out of context. The individual’s personal characteristics will affect quality of performance. There must be a good fit between the individual’s knowledge, skills and attitudes, the task must be appropriate, contributing to well-being and the environment must be conducive with regard to physical, cultural and social aspects; (Hagedorn, 2001). Context is important (Dunn 1994) for instance it is easy to speak with friends but public speaking is another matter entirely performance nearly always suffering substantially and yet the basics of the task are the same. The following factors are associated with occupational dysfunction (Hogedorn, 2001) thus their avoidance may enhance performance: Deprivation of occupation Occupation alienation (the task seeming pointless) Occupational imbalance focussing on one aspect to the exclusion of others Difficulties with relationships and participation Lack of resources Negative self-image; expectation or fear of failure Poor ability to adapt to different roles The performance itself may be adequate in its component parts but be poor overall since it takes too long to complete. Ottenbacher describes in Crepeau, 2003 to optimise performance requires an appreciation of the dicstinctions between body systems, impairment, activity and participation defined by the WHO 2001. To facilitate performance various compensation mechanisms can be utilised. Training in compensatory movements can occur alongside provision of adaptative equipment and environmental adaptation. An enhancing factor is the purpose and meaning of the task for the participant. This is to the extent that intervention will be more effective in achieving the desired improvement or other goal if the individual is active in setting the goal at the onset. Goal directed action and pure exercise showed the advantage of the former for retaraining movement following stroke (Trombly, 1999). Full utilisation can be made of the inherent adaptatbility of human beharioural (both physical and psychological) mechanisms. The ability to learn and improve occupational performance is improved by practice, repitition and feedback at an appropriate rate. In providing occupational therapy care it is important to appreciate the state at which the individual is at; acute and not stabilised, inpatient, outpatient, extended (Crepeau, 2003). It is important to look at the overall task and its purpose before concentration on the components of the activity. Evidence base is accumulating and should guide the interventional approach chosen. ConclusionOccupational health promotes well-being from engaging individuals in relevant occupation. Improving the underlying capacities of sensorimotor skills, memory and mental outlook is only part of the whole process of facilitation of occupational performance. Bibliography BooksCrepeau E, Cohn E Schell B 2003 Willard Spackman’s Occupational therapy. 10th edition. Lippincott, weilliams Wilkins London Hagedorn R 2001 Foundations for Practice in Occupational Therapy. London. 3rd edition. Churchill Livingstone. Hansen RA Atchison 2000 Conditions in Occupational Therapy Effect on occupational performance 2nd edition Lippincott Williams Wilkins Baltimore Pedretti LW Early M B Occupational therapy Prcatice skills for Physical Dysfunction 5th Edition. Mosby. Missouri ArticlesAmerican Occupational Therapy Association: Uniform terminology, 1994 ed 3 Am J Occup Ther 48 1047-1054, 1994 American Occupational Therapy Association: Position Paper: occupation, Am J Occup Ther 49:1015-1018, 1995 Deyo RA et al 1982 Physical and psychosocial function in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch intern Med 142:879-82. Dunn W Brown C McGuigan A 1994 Ecology of human performance: A framework for considering the effect of context. Am J Occup Ther 48(7):95-607 Trombly CA Wu C (1999) Effect of rehabilitation tasks on organisation of movement after stroke. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 53 333-4. Other resources World health Organization (2001) International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) Geneva.

Globalisation and the Australian Economy Essay -- essays research pape

The Impact of Globalisation on the Australian Economy Globalisation is not new. Australia has been involved in trade, investment, financial flows, technology transfers and the migration of labour since its foundation as a colony. What has changed is the size, direction and influence of these transfers, especially since 1980. There are a number of factors that have aided this transformation. They include: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The expansion of new markets – foreign exchange and capital markets are linked globally. They operate 24 hours a day with dealings any where in the world possible in real time. Financial deregulation and the floating of the Australian dollar since 1983 intensified the impact of globalisation on the Australian economy. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New technology and the tools of globalisation – the internet, email, mobile phones, media and communication networks have all sped up the process of globalisation. They have increased the spread and speed of knowledge transfer and communication. Australian consumers can buy products from any nation in the world, transfer funds between accounts or purchase shares in any major market. Australian businesses can market their products at a fraction of the cost and be exposed to a global market place of competition. This potentially is the closest we will ever come to the perfect market. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New institutional players – The World Trade Organisation (WTO) has growing authority over national governments, as does the IMF with its restrictions and controls it can impose on nations requiring assistance. Multinational corporations have more economic power than many nations. Hedge funds and financial dealers are able to manipulate financial flows and subsequently exchange rates, leaving nations helpless in their wake. This in turn renders traditional economic policy tools virtually useless. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New rules and restrictions – Multilateral agreements on trade, services and intellectual property rights, backed by strong enforcement mechanisms, reduce the scope for national governments to develop their own economic policies. What is Globalisation? Globalisation is the growing economic interdependence among nations as reflected in increasing actual movement across nations of: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trade †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inv... ...ly be quite effective at pushing the Australian dollar down by selling the currency, it is very limited in pushing it up. The RBA only has its limited foreign reserves to buy the Australian dollar. The value of Australia's foreign reserves fell from $22billion US in December 1999 to $16billion US in September 2000. The amount of Australian dollars traded in one day in Australia's foreign exchange market exceeds its total foreign reserves. As was seen in the Asian crisis in 1997 in Thailand, running down foreign reserves will not always halt a currency decline. The US Federal Reserve is probably the only central bank that can strongly influence the decisions of fund managers. The financial traders and dealers seek a low inflation, low interest rate, low current account deficit, high growth, budget surpluses and small public sector. If the Government does not achieve these policies, the markets will punish it. If they do achieve them, the markets may still punish them. Any way you look at it, Australia is integrated into the globalised world economy and is dependent on the activities and policies of globalisation. Australia’s future will move with the ebb and flow of globalisation.

Bus plan Essay

David Maggie Dave’s will sell quality sporting goods equipment for the entire family, primarily focused on and specializing in baseball and softball equipment, apparel and accessories from major manufacturers such as Easton, Louisville Slugger, Wilson, Worth, Mizuno, Miken, and under Armour This business will be operated by Owner David Maggio who will act as President and CEO. Mr. MaggloS High technology and sports background mixed with his entrepreneurial experience makes him the ideal leader to drive this sporting goods retail/internet endeavor. Realize an annual sales growth rate of 20% in years 2-5, reaching over $5 million in ales by the end of year 5. Improve gross margins from 25% to 35% by the end of year 5. Improve net margins by the end of year 5. Redesign and upgrade the Internet e-commerce store by the end of the first year. Increase website site traffic 50% and sales 20% in years 1-5 by investing in aggressive Web search optimization and marketing. Enhance the retail store location in the second half of year 1 by relocating the current store from its current location toa more prime location in the metropolitan area. Establish relationships with local nonprofit organizations, to help underprivileged children build confidence and self- stem through youth sports programs. Run the business as a family-run and – oriented business with emphasis on truth, integrity, quality relationships, fun, and giving back to the community. Mission Statement To become the sports equipment supplier of choice based on product expertise, price, quality, and level of service, by developing a long term relationship with our customers. Become the â€Å"family expert† for sporting goods equipment by treating customers like friends and family and by maintaining an experienced, knowledgeable, and caring staff that can help the customer make the right purchase or them, whether they are individuals outfitting their family, or coaches, athletic directors and league representatives supplying their teams. Keys to Success Negotiate optimal agreements with the major suppliers that allow us to improve margins, hold down costs, and maximize the control and turnover of our inventory. Implement a state-of-the-art, computerized inventory management system to improve inventory turnover and tracking. Create an outside sales team that calls on schools, leagues, and associations and is known for product expertise and top service. Train employees on product features and on how to provide family-oriented ales and customer support. Train an existing employee, or hire from outside, a store manager to cover for and be the backup for the Owner/President. Advertise and market in areas where our target customer base can learn about our retail and internet stores. Be an active member of the community by participating in nonprofit activities and by sponsoring local sports teams, leagues, and tournaments. Company Summary Dave’s will sells quality sporting goods equipment for the entire family, primarily accessories although we do sell a small amount of volleyball, basketball and football equipment. We will be starting off in a 7,400 square foot facility which houses the combined retail store, call center, office, and product warehouse. The retail store itself will be open Monday through Saturday from 9:00 am to 7:00 pm and is closed on Sunday. Orders are retrieved four to six times daily except on Sunday and the 800 call center number is staffed during retail store hours. The startup expenses include Legal Fees for services in regards to the purchase of the business such as the Letter of Intent, the Asset Purchase Agreement, due diligence activities, and the business organization. The Accounting fees are for services regarding the business evaluation and due diligence activities. Rent and insurance for the retail facility must be prepaid before the business takeover. Also listed are expenses related to the creation and production of this business plan. Start-up Requirements Start-up Expenses Rent $6,000 Insurance $2,000 Legal Fees $10,000 Business Plan production $100 Accounting Fees $1,000 Business Plan Software $200 Loan Closing Costs $20,000 other$l, Total Start-up Expenses $40,300 Products At Dave’s we will sell the latest and most popular brand sporting goods, accessories and apparel. The consumers will be properly educated when it comes to sizes, style, fit and what is designed for their particular use. The sporting goods of the sports that we will be carrying to start will be for Baseball, Softball, Basketball, Football, Hockey, and Lacrosse. The Products will be purchased from the top manufactures in the world such as Easton, Nike, Under Armour, and Bauer. All of our inventory will be in our computerized tracking system and that will allow us to monitor sales and stock daily from not only the store but the online website as well. The General list of products that initially will be sold are: Baseball and Softball Baseball Bats, Baseball Gloves, Batting Helmets, Batting Tees, Bases, Catcher’s Equipment, Bat Hangouts, Batting Gloves, Easy Toss Machine, Instant Screens/Nets, Hit-N-Stik, Equipment Bags, Hats, Training Aides, Sunglasses, Baseballs, Softballs, Shoes/Cleats, Umpire Equipment, Ball Buckets, Eye Black, Scorebooks, Pitching Machines, Backstop/Batting Cages, Ball Feeders, Protective Screens, Field Maintenance Equipment, Ankle/Knee Braces, Athletic Supporters, Sliding Shorts, Coaches’ Shorts, Coaching/Training Aids ; Videos, Wraps, Ice Packs, First Aid, Mouth/ Lip Guards, and Protective Aids. Uniform Pants, socks and belts. Basketball Basketballs, Basketball Systems/Hoops, Basketball Courts, Basketball Fencing, Scoreboards, The Latest Shoe models, Coaching/Training Aids ; Videos, Wraps, Ice Packs, First Aid, Mouth/Lip Guards, and Protective Aids. Football Footballs, Shoulder Pads, Knee Pads, Thigh Pads, Helmets, Gloves, and WristCoach, Coaching/Training Aids ; Videos, Wraps, Ice Packs, First Aid, Mouth/Lip Guards, and Protective Aids. Street/lce Hockey

Given Circumstances Activity for Student Actors

Given Circumstances Activity for Student Actors In a dramatic scene or monologue or improvisation, the term â€Å"given circumstances† refers to the â€Å"who, where, what, when, why, and how† of the characters: Who are you? (Name, age, gender, nationality, physical health, mental health, etc.)Where are you? (In a room, outdoors, on an airplane, in a stagecoach, at a party, at a ball, etc.)When does the action occur? (In the present, in the past, in the imagination, in the future, in a dream, etc.)Why are you present in this situation? (Hiding, celebrating, escaping, seeking?)How are you behaving? (Loudly, stealthily, subtly, conversationally, physically, coyly?) Given circumstances are directly stated and/or indirectly inferred from the text of a script or from the interaction with scene partners in improvisational work: what a character says, does or does not do, and what other characters say about him or her. Student Actor Activity To give student actors practice in considering and communicating given circumstances, here is an activity led by Gary Sloan, author of In Rehearsal: In the World, in the Room, and On Your Own. Materials Needed: PaperWriting instruments Directions: Ask students to think about where they currently are (a classroom, a studio, a rehearsal stage) and then give some thought to why they are there.Distribute paper and pens or pencils and give students this writing assignment: Think about yourself and write a paragraph about your current given circumstances- Who are you? Where are you right now and why are you here? How are you feeling or behaving? Ask students to place the most emphasis on the why and the how aspects of this written reflection. (Note: You may choose to have students identify themselves by name or you can leave that part of the â€Å"who† out of the writing.)Give students 15 to 20 minutes of silent writing time.Call time and ask students to place whatever they have written- even if they do not feel it is complete- on a table or chair or rehearsal box located somewhere in the room, preferably in a central location.Instruct all students to walk slowly in a circle around the object holding the pieces of paper. Then , whenever they feel the impulse to, they should take one of the papers (not their own, of course). Once all students have a paper, ask them to familiarize themselves with what’s written on it- Read it carefully, absorb it, think about the words and the ideas.After giving students 5 or so minutes, explain that each will read the words on the paper aloud to the group as if auditioning for a part. They are to treat the words as if they are a monologue and deliver a cold reading. Tell students: â€Å"Read it aloud as if this is YOUR story. Make us believe you mean it.†One at a time, when a student is ready, have each deliver the words on the chosen paper. Remind them to remain conversational and speak as if the words were their own. Reflection After all the students have shared their readings, discuss what it was like to deliver someone else’s words as if they were your own. Liken this experience to what actors must do with lines of dialogue in a published script. Discuss whether and how this activity increased students’ understanding of given circumstances and how to use them in their character work.

6 Reasons to Read Before Class

6 Reasons to Read Before Class Everyones college and grad school experience is a little different, but the one thing all have in common is reading. You already know that college entails a lot of reading. Guess what? Grad school is way worse.  Expect your reading load to triple, at least, in graduate school. With such a huge set of reading assignments, you might be tempted to fall behind and not read before class. Here are six reasons why you should avoid temptation and read ahead of the class. Make the Most of the Class Time Class time is valuable. Be sure that you can follow along. When you read ahead of time, you are more likely to understand the organization of the lecture. Youll be better able to figure out whats important and what isnt (and thereby take effective notes). Understand the Topic and What You Don't Understand If everything that you hear in class is new, how will you determine what you understand and whether you have questions? If you have read beforehand you can focus your attention on filling gaps in your understanding by paying more attention during some parts of the lecture and by asking questions. Participate Most classes require at least some participation. Be ready to answer questions and to discuss the topic. Its easy to participate when you know the topic. Reading beforehand helps you to understand the material and gives you time to consider your perspective and opinions. Dont get caught unprepared. Professors opinions matter - do not get caught faking it. Show Off Reading before class lets you show that youve read, that you care, and that you are intelligent. Youll be able to ask good questions and participate in a way that demonstrates preparation, interest, and mastery of the material. These are all positive marks in profs views. Participate in Group Work Many classes require group work, often in class. If you have read, you are ready and likely will not mooch off of your classmates, or benefit from their hard work. In turn, if you have read you can tell when the group is taking a wrong turn. Contrary to some stereotypes, effective group work requires preparation. Show Respect Reading ahead of time shows respect for the instructor and interest in the class. While instructors feelings should not be the primary motivator of your behavior, relationships with faculty are important and this is one easy way to get your relationship with your professor off to a good start. Think ahead- faculty are often important resources for advice, recommendation letters, and opportunities. Many students find reading tiresome, a great deal of work. Try employing reading strategies such as the SQ3R method.

Discuss at least two theories which hold that a mental state is Essay

Discuss at least two theories which hold that a mental state is nothing more than some sort of physical state - Essay Example There are two important movements that provide an answer to these questions, i.e. behaviorism and identity theory. It is in my contention that despite the enigma of the human mind, behaviorism and the identity theory, both attempt to offer a rational explanation for the nature and identity of mental phenomena. Behaviorism Behaviorism is generally regarded as the view that reduces mental states to the physical states of the body, specifically to that of the body’s behaviors. Thus, â€Å"behaviorists have argued that mental states and processes are really nothing more than behavior or dispositions† (Heil, 1993, p.174). A behavior is understood here as an external physical movement of the body, and thus includes verbal behavior, but excludes brain activities. Moreover, behavior is either actual or dispositional. Accordingly, all mental states are believed to be behavioral dispositions, which may or may not be actualized. As such, even if there is no actual behavior that co rresponds to a mental expression, the claim of behaviorism holds because it necessarily has a corresponding behavioral disposition. So to have a mental state is thus to behave or to be disposed to behave in a certain way. For instance, to be in pain is to exhibit behaviors such as crying, wincing, saying â€Å"ouch,† etc. ... Expressions containing mental terms such as â€Å"I desire to finish school†, â€Å"I am in pain†, and â€Å"I believe that it is going to rain,† are accordingly, logically equivalent to, or reducible to some expressions containing only behavioral terms such as â€Å"I will attend my classes regularly,† â€Å"I am inclined to cry,† and â€Å"I will bring my umbrella when I get out of the house.† In short, in this view, mental terms are defined in terms of behaviors. It is this notion of behaviorism that will be of concern to us. Logical behaviorism is often attributed to the view of the mind that Gilbert Ryle (1965) advanced as an alternative to Cartesian dualism, which he refers to as the ghost-in-the machine doctrine. Ryle argues that this doctrine commits a fallacy called the category mistake, i.e. when one wrongly takes something as belonging to a certain category that it does not belong to. The famous example given by Ryle is when someon e understands the word â€Å"university† as referring to a particular entity in the very same way that the words â€Å"buildings†, â€Å"members of the faculty†, â€Å"students†, and the like, refer to particular entities. In the same way, so argues Ryle, Descartes mistakes the word â€Å"mind† as belonging to the same category as the word â€Å"body†, and hence believes that the word â€Å"mind† refers to an entity of some kind in the same way that the word â€Å"body† does. Though â€Å"mind† and â€Å"body† refer to different kinds of entities, the fact that they do refer to entities puts them in the same category. Logical behaviorism, as noted above, is the view that mental states are nothing but behaviors. This view lends itself to two

Public art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Public art - Essay Example According to Baca (89), modernity has it that art is no longer representation of abstract issues, rather, there are deep meanings embedded in them. Symbolism has to be taken into account when making any form of art, and especially public art (Baca, 89). In this art, the meaning is extension of the fight for equality and no segregation. Rosa Park was a real symbol of war against segregation, and by honoring her with a sculpture; the artists were keen on making her efforts resurface. Half a century ago, Rosa Park could stand against any form of inequality, segregation and injustices. She was a humble, courageous and quite a humble woman and in the circles of civil rights movement, she still represents their fight. She is placed right in the middle of a public area, and this means that she will revoke memories of civil rights movements in the past. This public art has a representation with the site. The site is public and therefore the aim intended by the artists is public. The bus station where she is placed can attract all people of different races, colors, social status and ethnicity. She is placed in such a place to show that what she fought for was for the benefits of all and not just one race, one generation or one social class. The more than $60,000 bronze statue represents not only issues of the past, but realities of the